In Serbia, the planning and construction process is structured around several key phases, including the Preliminary Design (PGD), Detailed Design (PZI) and Supervision of Works. These phases are governed by the Law on Planning and Construction and regulated by the Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure. Here’s a detailed overview:
1. Preliminary Design (PGD) phase
The PGD phase serves as the foundation for project development, focusing on conceptual and technical aspects to secure a Location Permit.
- Scope and objectives:
- Defines the project’s overall scope, size, and location.
- Ensures compliance with zoning regulations and spatial planning criteria.
- Technical and environmental assessments:
- Includes preliminary studies like structural feasibility and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) to uphold environmental standards.
- Submission for location permit:
- The PGD is submitted to local authorities for approval. If compliant, a Location Permit is issued, allowing progression to the PZI phase.
2. Detailed Design (PZI) phase
The PZI phase builds upon the PGD, developing comprehensive documentation necessary for the Building Permit.
- Development of detailed plans:
- Detailed architectural, structural, and engineering plans are created, specifying materials and safety measures.
- Compliance with technical regulations:
- Adherence to national building codes and safety standards outlined in relevant regulations is crucial.
- Acquisition of Building Permit:
- After review, a Building Permit is granted, allowing construction to begin. Any design changes during construction must be documented and approved.
3. Supervision of works
Supervision ensures that construction aligns with the approved plans and regulations. This phase encompasses various responsibilities:
- Role and responsibilities of the supervising engineer:
- A licensed professional oversees all construction activities, ensuring compliance with designs and permits.
- Compliance with technical and legal standards:
- Regular inspections verify adherence to safety and environmental regulations.
- Quality control and assurance:
- Ensures material and construction quality, including testing structural elements and installations.
- Approval of changes and amendments:
- Any design modifications require the Supervising Engineer’s approval and must be submitted to authorities for major changes.
- Documentation and reporting:
- Maintains a log of inspections and test results, promoting transparency throughout the construction process.
- Health and safety supervision:
- Monitors safety compliance, ensuring workers use appropriate protective equipment and follow protocols.
- Final certification and handover:
- Conducts a final inspection to certify project completion in accordance with approved plans, facilitating the issuance of an Occupancy Permit.
4. Legal and regulatory framework
All phases are governed by the Law on Planning and Construction and related regulations, ensuring safe, compliant, and environmentally responsible projects.
- Law on planning and construction: Outlines project development procedures, including PGD and PZI phases.
- Rulebook on technical documentation: Provides guidelines for preparing and submitting technical documentation.
- Rulebook on construction works: Establishes standards for construction practices, material quality and safety.
5. Owner’s Engineer and additional supervisory roles
The Owner’s Engineer is appointed by the project owner to oversee the contractor’s work, ensuring adherence to specifications, budget and timeline.
- Coordination and communication:
- Facilitates interaction among the contractor, Supervising Engineer, and authorities to address technical issues and disputes.
- Financial oversight:
- Monitors expenditures to ensure alignment with the approved budget, maintaining financial control over the project.
Conclusion
By following these structured phases and engaging qualified professionals for supervision, construction projects in Serbia can be effectively executed, ensuring compliance with legal, technical and safety standards. This comprehensive approach fosters successful project outcomes and contributes to the country’s development goals.