Energy trading was once about exploiting inefficiencies. Price differences across regions, fuels, or time horizons were treated as opportunities for arbitrage. Volatility was episodic, correlations we
The invisible hand of oil: Logistics, refineries, and the hidden drivers of power and gas prices
For much of the past two decades, oil was treated as a declining force in Europe’s electricity story. As power generation moved away from fuel oil and toward gas, nuclear, and renewables, oil was conc
Gas at the centre: How balancing, LNG, and spark spreads now define power prices
For most of Europe’s electricity-market history, natural gas played a supporting role. It was a reliable, dispatchable fuel that complemented baseload generation and provided peak capacity when needed
Volatility is no longer cyclical: How shocks now propagate across Europe’s energy system
For much of Europe’s post-liberalisation energy history, volatility was understood as a cyclical phenomenon. Prices rose and fell in response to identifiable triggers: cold winters, supply outages, ge
Carbon Borders and Industrial Geography: How Electricity, Mining, and CBAM Are Redefining Near-Shoring in Europe
The European Union’s progressive expansion of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is redefining industrial location strategy. No longer a limited carbon levy on select commodities, CBAM now
From Ore to Output: How CBAM is Integrating Mining, Processing, and Manufacturing into a Carbon-Priced Value Chain
The EU’s expansion of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) into downstream manufactured goods represents a structural shift for the mining and metals sector. What began as a carbon levy on a
Electricity as the Hidden Backbone of CBAM: Why Power Strategy Determines Manufacturing Competitiveness
The latest CBAM draft confirms what industrial and power-market analysts have long suspected: electricity is no longer a peripheral factor in carbon pricing—it is becoming the structural backbone thro
Serbia Emerges as Europe’s Strategic Engineering Hub: Comparative Analysis with Poland, Romania, and Turkey
As Europe accelerates its metals and materials transition, demand for specialised engineering—covering process modelling, plant automation, electrical systems, metallurgical simulation, and commission
Europe Rebuilds Its Industrial Backbone by Reinventing Metals and Materials Processing
Europe is entering a decisive period in transforming its metals, minerals, and materials ecosystem. For decades, the continent relied on global markets for ores, concentrates, and refined materials, e
Flexibility without reward: Why southeast Europe balances Europe’s power system but captures none of the value
In the emerging architecture of Europe’s electricity system, flexibility has become the most valuable attribute a power asset can possess. The ability to ramp output quickly, absorb surplus generation